ABSTRACT Peppers belongs to Capsicum genus and have a lot of different varieties. They can be different uses such as potted ornamental plants. Retail market for this type of pepper requires the development of a greater number of commercial cultivars with adequate ornamental characteristics as well as an extended shelf life (post-production). Ethylene exposure causes adverse effects in ornamental pepper post-production. Then, the goal of this study was to select ornamental pepper elite lines (Capsicum annuum L.) for ethylene-insensitive. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba, Areia, PB. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design. Eight elite lineages and two control cultivars evaluated at three times 48, 72 and 96 hours after ethylene exposure were disposed in a split-plot arrangement. Each treatment was composed of ten repetitions. The data were submmited to analysis of variance, Scott-Knott criteria (5%), and regression analysis. The leaves demonstrated to be more sensitive to ethylene while fruits were more insensitive. It is recommended selection of UFPB lines: 56.8.24.1; 56.26.15.1 and 56.26.34.1 to participate in trials tests aiming at registration of new ethylene-insensitive cultivars.

RESUMO Feijão-caupi é uma espécie nutritiva, cultivada em várias partes do mundo, com ampla variabilidade genética que pode ser explorada no melhoramento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar genótipos fenotipicamente divergentes de Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., sob esta perspectiva quanto as variáveis agronômicas e fisiológicas visando produção de grãos verdes. Em um experimento conduzido em Fortaleza - CE, 13 variáveis foram avaliadas em 44 genótipos provenientes do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma da Universidade Federal do Ceará. O experimento foi instalado em delineamentos de blocos aumentados, com quatro testemunhas adicionais (cultivares comerciais). Os componentes de variância genético e ambiental foram estimados por máxima verossimilhança restrita e, a partir destes, foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC). Foi realizada análise de componentes principais, agrupamento de Tocher e análise de correlação. As variáveis mais influenciadas pela variação genética foram: produção por planta, comprimento da vagem verde, comprimento do grão verde, massa de grãos por vagem e produtividade total, com ICC > 0.5. A análise de componentes principais permitiu identificar as características fisiológicas: gs, ci, ci.ca, e agronômicas: comprimento da vagem verde, massa de grãos verdes, número de grãos por vagem e precocidade da produção, como sendo importantes na diferenciação de genótipos de feijão-caupi. Os genótipos CE: 02, 151, 165, 172, 189, 244, 986 e 1002 possuem variabilidade genética e são recomendados para uso em um programa de melhoramento genético de feijão-caupi para produção de grãos verdes.

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a nutritious species cultivated worldwide whose high genetic variability can be exploited in breeding programs. The present study aimed to identify phenotypically divergent genotypes of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., from this pe rspective concerning agronomic and physiological variables aiming at green grain production. An experiment was conducted in Fortaleza – CE, to analyse 13 variables in 44 genotypes from the Active Germplasm Bank of the Federal University of Ceará. The experiment was set up in an augmented block design with four additional controls (commercial cultivars). The genetic and environmental variance components were estimated by restricted maximum likelihood, after which the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Principal components analysis, Tocher’s clustering and correlation analysis were used in the study. The variables most influenced by genetic variance were production per plant, green pod length, green grain length, grain mass per pod, and total yield, with ICC > 0.5. Principal components analysis signalled the physiological variables gs, ci, and ci.ca and the agronomic variables of green pod length, green grain mass, number of grains per pod, and earliness of production as important for differentiating between cowpea genotypes. CE genotypes 02, 151, 165, 172, 189, 244, 986, and 1002 show genetic variability, and their use is recommended in cowpea breeding programs aimed at green-grain production.

ABSTRACT Peppers belong to the family Solanaceae and can be used for several different purposes. The use of morphological descriptors associated with multivariate techniques allows identifying pepper progenies that can be recommended for ornamental purposes. This study aimed to select segregating Capsicum annum progenies based on multivariate analyses. The study was conducted in a plant nursery at the Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Sector of the Center of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Paraíba (CCA/UFPB). Twenty F3 progenies of ornamental peppers were used, namely: UFPB 5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 22, 25, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 49, 56, 60, 62, 64, 69, 75, and 77, plus four additional controls consisting of the parents UFPB 77.3 and UFPB137 and two commercial cultivars, Etna and Pirâmide. Seventeen plant and fruit traits were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized. The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of variance. All analyses were performed with the software R, version 3.0.3. The results of the multivariate analysis of variance highlighted significant differences between the populations of ornamental peppers. Singh’s (1981) method made it possible to determine that eleven of the seventeen traits studied contributed with 73.7% of the genetic divergence, whereas six traits contributed with only 21.2%. There is genetic diversity among the evaluated progenies. Progenies 5, 10, 22, 33, 49, and 69 are recommended for selection for having ornamental traits for in-pot cultivation. Selection within these progenies is recommended to continue the breeding program of ornamental peppers for in-pot cultivation.

RESUMO As pimenteiras pertencem à família Solanaceae e podem ser utilizadas com diferentes finalidades. O uso de descritores morfológicos associados a técnicas multivariadas possibilita identificar progênies de pimenteiras que podem ser recomendadas para fins ornamentais. O objetivo desse trabalho foi selecionar progênies segregante de Capiscum annum com base em análises multivariadas. O trabalho foi realizado em casa de vegetação no Setor de Biotecnologia e Melhoramento Vegetal no Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Foram utilizadas 20 progênies F3 de pimenteiras ornamentais, UFPB: 5, 8, 10, 15, 18, 22, 25, 32, 33, 36, 40, 42, 49, 56, 60, 62, 64, 69, 75 e 77 e quatro testemunhas adicionais, os genitores UFPB 77.3, UFPB137 e duas cultivares comerciais, Etna e Pirâmide. Foram avaliadas 17 características de planta e frutos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância multivariada. Todas as análises foram realizadas com software R versão 3.0.3. Os resultados da análise de variância multivariada indicaram diferença significativa entre as populações de pimenteiras ornamentais. Através do método de Singh (1981), determinou-se que onze das dezessete características estudadas contribuíram com 73,7 % da divergência genética, enquanto seis características contribuíram com apenas 21,2%. Existe diversidade genética entre as progênies avaliadas. As progênies 5, 10, 22, 33, 49 e 69 são indicadas para seleção por apresentarem características ornamentais de vaso. Recomenda-se a seleção dentro dessas progênies dando continuidade ao programa de melhoramento de pimenteiras ornamentais em vaso.

Resumo Foram caracterizados morfologicamente umbus de quatro municípios paraibanos a fim de identificar genótipos promissores para consumo in natura e emprego agroindustrial. Foram utilizados 400 frutos de matrizes de São Vicente do Seridó; Queimadas; Boqueirão e Cabaceiras e 40 frutos comerciais de duas feiras de Campina Grande-PB. A unidade experimental foi constituída por 10 frutos. Foram analisados nos frutos: massa total (MTF); comprimento (CF); diâmetro (DF); matéria fresca (MMF), rendimento (RF) e presença de pelos. Nos endocarpos, foram avaliados massa (ME); o comprimento (CE), o diâmetro (DE) e a largura (LE). Foi adotado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, com as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, assim como a análise de componentes principais. Os frutos de Queimadas e São Vicente do Seridó apresentaram melhores caracteres morfológicos quanto à massa, ao comprimento, ao diâmetro, à matéria fresca e ao rendimento dos frutos, sendo mais promissores para comercialização agroindustrial. Já os frutos provenientes de Boqueirão apresentaram maior massa de endocarpo. A maioria dos frutos apresentou pelos nas cascas, exceto os comerciais. Foram formados quatro grupos de municípios, sendo os frutos provenientes de Queimadas os que apresentaram maior tamanho, enquanto os frutos provenientes de São Vicente do Seridó e de Soledade apresentaram maior rendimento.

Abstract Umbu fruits from four municipalities of Paraíba were morphologically characterized in order to identify promising genotypes for fresh consumption and agro-industrial use. We used 400 fruits from parent plants located in São Vicente do Seridó, Queimadas, Boqueirão, and Cabaceiras and 40 commercial fruits from two open fairs in Campina Grande, PB. The experimental unit consisted of ten fruits. The fruits were analyzed for total mass (MTF), length (LC), diameter (DF), fresh matter (MMF), yield (RF), and presence of hairs. In the endocarps, mass (ME), length (CE), diameter (DE), and width (LE) were the evaluated parameters. A completely randomized design was adopted, the data were subjected to variance analysis, and the means were compared by the Tukey test and principal component analysis. The fruits from Queimadas and São Vicente do Seridó showed the best morphological characters with regard to mass, length, diameter, fresh matter, and fruit yield, and were the most promising for agro-industrial commercialization. The fruits from Boqueirão showed the highest endocarp mass. Most fruits showed hairs on the peel, except the commercial ones. Four groups of municipalities were formed, with the fruits from Queimadas showing the largest size, while the fruits from São Vicente de Seridó and Soledade showed the highest yield.

ABSTRACT Peppers belong to the Solanaceae family and present a wide genetic variability that may be accessed through phenotypic and genotypic traits. This work aimed to study the genetic divergence in an ornamental pepper F3 population by multivariate methods based on the individual and simultaneous analyses of qualitative, quantitative, and molecular data. The work was developed in the Center of Agrarian Sciences (CCA) of the Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba state, Brazil. 44 progenies from an F3 generation were used and the characterization of 30 qualitative traits, 16 quantitative traits, and 18 pairs of microsatellite primers was performed. Individual and simultaneous analyses of the variables were performed by using the clustering method of Ward’s algorithm. Tocher’s method was used based on distance matrixes. A non-metric multidimensional scaling was applied (nMDS) for the graphic representation of the distance matrixes in the bidimensional space. Data analysis was efficient to separate the genotypes into distinct groups. There is genetic variability among the individuals of the C. annuum F3 population, verified by individual and joint trait measurements. The three clustering methods were efficient to represent the genetic distance between individuals of ornamental pepper plants. Individuals 1, 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 21, 27, 29, 35, and 38 are indicated to advance generation and continue the breeding program.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir redes ponderadas de correlação, para descobrir estruturas de correlação e padrões de ligação entre 28 caracteres morfoagronômicos de pimenteiras, relacionados à plântula, planta, inflorescência e fruto. Informações fenotípicas e genotípicas de 16 genótipos de Capsicum foram analisadas. Estruturas de correlação e padrões de ligação podem ser facilmente identificados nas matrizes por meio do algoritmo Fruchterman-Reingold, com as informações da rede de correlações. Ambos os tipos de correlação mostraram o mesmo padrão geral de ligação entre caracteres de frutos, com altos valores de herdabilidade no sentido amplo e grande aptidão desses genótipos para o melhoramento agronômico e ornamental. As dimensões das folhas estão correlacionadas ao grupo de caracteres de fruto. Redes de correlação de caracteres de pimenteiras podem aumentar a eficácia da seleção de genótipos, uma vez que tanto caracteres correlacionados quanto grupos podem ser identificados.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to build weighted correlation networks, in order to discover correlation structures and link patterns among 28 morphoagronomic traits of chili pepper related to seedling, plant, inflorescence, and fruit. Phenotypic and genotypic information of 16 Capsicum genotypes were analyzed. Correlation structures and link patterns can be easily identified in the matrices using the Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm with correlation network information. Both types of correlations showed the same general link pattern among fruit traits, with high broad-sense heritability values and high aptitude of the genotypes for agronomic and ornamental breeding. Leaf dimensions are correlated with a cluster of fruit traits. Correlation networks of chili pepper traits may increase the effectiveness of genotype selection, since both correlated traits and groups can be identified.